iconv

System: Slackware Linux (version 15.0)
CPUs: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-3230M CPU @2.60GHz
GPU: Mesa DRI Intel(R) HD Graphics 4000

The use of iconv to convert a file's character encoding.

bash-5.1$ mv R-description-short.txt R-description-short.bak
bash-5.1$ iconv -f ISO_8859-1 -t UTF-8 < R-description-short.bak > R-description-short.txt
bash-5.1$ mv gpgKeys.txt gpgKeys.bak
bash-5.1$ iconv -f ISO_8859-1 -t ASCII//TRANSLIT < gpgKeys.bak > gpgKeys.txt
bash-5.1$ file gpgKeys.txt
gpgKeys.txt: ASCII text
bash-5.1$ rm R-description-short.bak gpgKeys.bak
bash-5.1$

The former was bilingual and the latter had an umlaut in the spelling of Zurich.

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short
Setting up and signing GPG keys